Why are belly fat, BP, cholesterol and blood sugar rising in the young? Find out how metabolic syndrome sneaks up on you

Don’t set yourself up for heart attack and diabetes when you can prevent them with lifestyle management, says Dr Suranjit Chatterjee, Senior Consultant, Internal Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Delhi

The contemporary lifestyle of the younger generation plays a pivotal role in the early onset of metabolic syndrome.. (File)

Metabolic syndrome, once predominantly associated with older adults, has been progressively rising among younger populations, usually between the 30 to 40 age group. This basically involves a cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels, all of which significantly heighten the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

HOW TO DEFINE METABOLIC SYNDROME?

There may not be one definition but markers to indicate that you are dangerously standing on the threshold of acquiring chronic diseases. It has certain markers:

Obesity: A body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above, or a large waistline (greater than 40 inches in men or 35 inches in women).
Elevated blood triglycerides: Above 150 mg/dL.
Low high density lipoprotein (HDL) or good) cholesterol: Below 40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women.
High blood pressure: 130 mmHg or above (systolic pressure), or 85 mmHg or above (diastolic pressure), or previously diagnosed hypertension that requires medication.
Elevated blood sugar: A fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL or above, or taking diabetes medications.

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WHAT ARE THE TRIGGERS FOR THE YOUNGER GENERATION?

The contemporary lifestyle of the younger generation plays a pivotal role in the early onset of metabolic syndrome.

(1) Sedentary lifestyle and behaviour patterns compounded with poor dietary habits. A surge in the consumption of processed foods high in sugars, unhealthy fats and low in essential nutrients, coupled with decreased physical activity, significantly raises the likelihood of developing metabolic abnormalities in the young.

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(2) The burgeoning rates of obesity among adolescents and children have reached unprecedented levels. Excessive weight gain not only amplifies the risk of developing metabolic syndrome but also serves as a catalyst for its earlier manifestation. The adipose tissue in obese individuals releases inflammatory substances, disrupting metabolic processes and leading to insulin resistance.

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(3) A modern-day sedentary lifestyle, characterized by prolonged hours of screen time and a decrease in physical activity, results in weight gain and impacts insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism.

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(4) Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the early development of metabolic syndrome. Certain genetic factors, considering that heart attacks and diabetes among the parental generation, make the young more susceptible to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity. However, while genetics may predispose individuals to these conditions, lifestyle factors still largely dictate whether these genetic susceptibilities manifest into full-blown metabolic syndrome.

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HOW METABOLIC SYNDROME IMPACTS HOLISTIC HEALTH

The ramifications of metabolic syndrome in young individuals are profound and extend beyond physical health. Their impact on mental health, including increased risk of depression and anxiety, cannot be understated. The burden of chronic health conditions at such a formative stage in life can lead to emotional distress and impair overall well-being.

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So before a metabolic syndrome develops into many full-blown conditions, one needs a multifaceted approach. Education and awareness campaigns aimed at promoting healthier lifestyle choices from an early age are imperative. Encouraging regular physical activity, healthier eating habits and limiting sedentary behaviour can significantly mitigate risk factors.

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Furthermore, healthcare systems must prioritize early screening and detection of metabolic abnormalities in the young. Timely identification allows for interventions and corrective lifestyle modifications.

SYMPTOMS TO WATCH OUT FOR AND PREVENTION

In most of the cases, one might not notice symptoms or any obvious signs of the disorder. However, signs like visible large waist circumference, high blood pressure, increase in thirst and urination, constant fatigue and blurred vision are some of the common symptoms of metabolic disorder. The following basic regime makes for a good start:

· At least 30 minutes of exercise every day

· Staying away from junk food and eating plenty of nutritious fruits, green leafy vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains

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· Avoiding/ limiting saturated fat and too much salt in the diet

· Monitoring and maintaining a healthy weight as per your body structure

· Avoiding excessive drinking and smoking

· Adequate sleep