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This is an archive article published on June 15, 2003

The revenge of Angrezi

Not so long ago, the history of Saif Tayebji Girls High School in the teeming warrens of central Mumbai evolved around staunch, pure Urdu. U...

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Not so long ago, the history of Saif Tayebji Girls High School in the teeming warrens of central Mumbai evolved around staunch, pure Urdu. Until last June, when the 66-year-old institution added a bold new chapter, in fluent English. In a single stroke, Urdu moved to second place as an ‘‘optional’’ language for many Urdu-medium girls who quickly switched sections to learn the English way.

In faraway Jammu and Kashmir, it is the government that is taking the decisions, introducing English as a medium for instruction at the primary levels. ‘‘This was the only way to upgrade government schools and improve literacy levels in the state,’’ says State Education Minister Harsh Dev Singh.

The departure from tradition was inevitable. Saif Tayebji school is besieged by 12 competing English-medium schools. ‘‘Every year the cream of our educated parents would pull out their children to send them to English-medium schools. There was so much pressure on management,’’ principal Najma Kazi admits easily. She is a confident principal. Applications for the English section in a newly built wing bloat five times beyond capacity.

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At Mumbai’s bastion of Maharashtrian culture and close to its energetic custodians at Sena Bhavan, a stoically Marathi-medium 60-year-old school Bal Mohan Vidyalaya rode this wave by starting an English-medium section five years ago. The close-knit Marathi-speaking community gasped. ‘‘It was a necessity,’’ whispers a highly placed school official.

But wait for the most stunning volte-face, in West Bengal.

The ruling CPI(M) is expected to invite English to gatecrash into Kolkata after a 1980 ban that exiled the language from primary schools. ‘‘We haven’t taken a decision on English from standard I, but a review next year will suggest whether it should be back,’’ School Education Minister Kanti Biswas admitted to The Sunday Express, only after persistent questions.

In Modi’s Gujarat, English will wade through an official Ganga Jamuna programme — Maths and Science in English from standard VIII next year while academicians make up their minds when to introduce English at primary level. The curriculum will be ready this month, but Education Minister Anandiben Patel has a long job ahead training teachers and releasing Gujarati-English dictionaries.

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Today Maharashtra is still basking in the victory of a fierce, open war with Marathi language crusaders, and has splashed compulsory English across 65,000 primary schools since June 2000. One official explanation: To stop the craze for opening more and more English-medium schools.

Elsewhere, decision-makers still fumble who’s side to take and yet be politically correct. In 1998 Jyoti Basu — party cadres cannot forget their leader sends his grand-daughters to La Martiniere — appointed Pabitra Sarkar to decide what’s best. Sarkar said standard III is a good year for English language instruction. Another Basu committee led by economist Ashok Mitra in 1991, had zeroed in on standard VI. Today the English alphabet is taught from standard II and formal instruction from standard III.

Nobody’s waiting till the politicians give in gracefully. Seven to 12-year-olds from Gujarati and Marathi-medium schools in Surat, Bhavnagar and Pune are going to Cambridge. Well, in a way.

Last year the British Council reacted to the unmistakable trend — a 93 pc increase in students since spring 1999 — and started the Cambridge Young Learners English Language Test. ‘‘More and more parents want serious English language education so we started this exam, conducted on-demand from schools. Our 500 exams this year were mostly at Marathi and Gujarati schools,’’ says Vivek Singh, manager (examination services) British Council, Mumbai.

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Delhi’s schools are still wincing with teething trouble. ‘‘We never spoke English when we were young. To learn it and teach it now is only harder,’’ mumbles the headmaster of a West Delhi civic school. With obvious muddles over textbooks and training, Congressmen who made all the right noises for English language education four years ago, are ducking the task today.

Perhaps they could do with lessons from Maharashtra. ‘‘A teacher who neglects English in his/her classroom is permanently damaging the chances of his/her students,’’ scolds official training material for standard IV teachers.

Bal Mohan’s ex-student Arti Shitut matches horoscopes and follows every Maharashtrian tradition but sends her daughters to English-medium. ‘‘Only the brilliant can survive without English medium schooling,’’ she says.

The word has indeed spread.

Man from Mars in Marathi schools

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(with Santanu Banerjee in Kolkata, Palak Nandi in Ahmedabad, Amba Batra in Delhi, Mufti Islah in rinagar)

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