Not so long ago, the history of Saif Tayebji Girls High School in the teeming warrens of central Mumbai evolved around staunch, pure Urdu. Until last June, when the 66-year-old institution added a bold new chapter, in fluent English. In a single stroke, Urdu moved to second place as an ‘‘optional’’ language for many Urdu-medium girls who quickly switched sections to learn the English way. In faraway Jammu and Kashmir, it is the government that is taking the decisions, introducing English as a medium for instruction at the primary levels. ‘‘This was the only way to upgrade government schools and improve literacy levels in the state,’’ says State Education Minister Harsh Dev Singh. The departure from tradition was inevitable. Saif Tayebji school is besieged by 12 competing English-medium schools. ‘‘Every year the cream of our educated parents would pull out their children to send them to English-medium schools. There was so much pressure on management,’’ principal Najma Kazi admits easily. She is a confident principal. Applications for the English section in a newly built wing bloat five times beyond capacity. At Mumbai’s bastion of Maharashtrian culture and close to its energetic custodians at Sena Bhavan, a stoically Marathi-medium 60-year-old school Bal Mohan Vidyalaya rode this wave by starting an English-medium section five years ago. The close-knit Marathi-speaking community gasped. ‘‘It was a necessity,’’ whispers a highly placed school official. But wait for the most stunning volte-face, in West Bengal. The ruling CPI(M) is expected to invite English to gatecrash into Kolkata after a 1980 ban that exiled the language from primary schools. ‘‘We haven’t taken a decision on English from standard I, but a review next year will suggest whether it should be back,’’ School Education Minister Kanti Biswas admitted to The Sunday Express, only after persistent questions. In Modi’s Gujarat, English will wade through an official Ganga Jamuna programme — Maths and Science in English from standard VIII next year while academicians make up their minds when to introduce English at primary level. The curriculum will be ready this month, but Education Minister Anandiben Patel has a long job ahead training teachers and releasing Gujarati-English dictionaries.